Line regulation and load regulation are two important specifications that are used to measure the performance of voltage regulators.

Line regulation refers to the ability of a voltage regulator to maintain a constant output voltage, despite variations in the input voltage or the supply voltage. In other words, it measures how well the regulator can regulate the output voltage when the input voltage is changing. Line regulation is typically expressed as a percentage of the output voltage per unit change in the input voltage. For example, a regulator with a line regulation specification of 0.1% per volt means that for every 1 volt change in the input voltage, the output voltage will change by no more than 0.1%.

Load regulation, on the other hand, refers to the ability of a voltage regulator to maintain a constant output voltage, despite changes in the load current. In other words, it measures how well the regulator can regulate the output voltage when the load is changing. Load regulation is typically expressed as a percentage of the output voltage per unit change in the load current. For example, a regulator with a load regulation specification of 0.5% per amp means that for every 1 amp change in the load current, the output voltage will change by no more than 0.5%.

Both line and load regulation are important specifications for voltage regulators, as they can affect the stability and reliability of electronic circuits that rely on a constant and stable voltage supply.

Read More: DC Power Supply

#DC Power Supplies #line Regulation #Load Regulation

In theory, it is possible to run a house on DC (direct current) power. However, it would require a significant overhaul of the existing electrical infrastructure in the house.

Most homes are wired for AC (alternating current) power, which means that all the electrical appliances and devices in the house are designed to run on AC power. In order to run a house on DC power, all of the electrical wiring and devices would need to be modified to accept DC power.

Additionally, most of the electrical energy produced by power stations is transmitted as AC power, so if you wanted to power your house using DC power, you would need to generate your own DC power using solar panels or other alternative energy sources. This would require a significant investment in equipment and installation costs.

Overall, while it is technically possible to run a house on DC power, it would require a significant amount of work and investment to make the switch from AC power to DC power.

Read More: www.gwinstek.com/en-global/products/layer/DC_Power_Supply

#DC Power Supplies #AC Power Supplies

AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current) are two different types of electrical power supplies.

AC power supply provides electrical energy that periodically changes direction, meaning that the voltage and current regularly reverses direction. This type of power supply is commonly used in homes and buildings to power electrical devices, as well as in the distribution of electrical power over long distances. AC power is usually generated by electric power stations using rotating machines such as turbines or generators.

DC power supply provides electrical energy that flows in one direction, meaning that the voltage and current remain constant in one direction. This type of power supply is used in many electronic devices and systems, as well as in transportation, such as electric cars, buses, and trains. DC power can be obtained from batteries, solar panels, or DC power supplies.

The main difference between AC and DC power is the direction and frequency of the voltage and current. While AC power periodically changes direction, DC power remains constant in one direction. AC power is more commonly used for power transmission, while DC power is more commonly used for electronic devices and systems.

Read More: DC Power Supply

#DC Power Supplies #AC Power Supplies

DC (direct current) power is used in a variety of applications, including:

• Electronics: Many electronic devices, such as computers, smartphones, and televisions, require DC power to operate. DC power supplies are often used to convert AC (alternating current) power from the wall outlet to DC power that can be used by electronic devices.
• Transportation: Electric vehicles, such as cars, buses, and trains, rely on DC power to run their electric motors.
• Renewable energy: Solar panels and wind turbines generate DC power, which is converted to AC power using inverters before it can be used to power homes or businesses.
• Industrial machinery: Many industrial machines, such as electric motors and robotics, require DC power to operate.
• Telecommunications: Telecommunications equipment, such as cell towers and base stations, often run on DC power.

Overall, DC power is used in a wide range of applications where a steady, reliable source of power is required.

Read More: DC Power Supply

#DC Power

Single phase 220V (B type)

3kW model

Terminal rated voltage and current: 400V, 41A

Locking screw: M4

Locking terminal restrictions: inner diameter greater than 4mm, outer diameter less than 9mm

Part No.: 39BT-00301301 (BLOCK TERMINAL 0168-2303, 300V, 30A ,3P ,RoHS)

4.5kW, 6kW models

Terminal rated voltage and current: 1000V, 76A

Locking screw: M5

Locking terminal restrictions: inner diameter greater than 5mm, outer diameter less than 13mm

Part No.: 39BT-00301401 (BLOCK TERMINAL 0168-4103,600V,115A ,3P ,RoHS)

Three-phase 220V (C type)

4.5W, 6kW models

Terminal rated voltage and current: 1000V, 76A

Locking screw: M5

Locking terminal restrictions: inner diameter greater than 5mm, outer diameter less than 13mm

Part No: 39BT-00401501 (BLOCK TERMINAL 0168-4104, 600V, 115A ,4P ,RoHS)

Three-phase 400V (D type)

4.5W, 6kW models

Terminal rated voltage and current: 1000V, 76A

Locking screw: M5

Locking terminal restrictions: inner diameter greater than 5mm, outer diameter less than 13mm

Part No.: 39BT-00500701 (BLOCK TERMINAL 0168-4105, 600V, 115A ,5P ,RoHS)

For other details, please refer to the link below:

https://paper.dropbox.com/doc/PSU-3KW6KW-AC-input-terminal-specification-rfm3pTQd7P6jo3BDIYBi0

Fan is a component that ensures heat dissipation and ensures the normal operation of the power supply.

The PSU series power supply will stop output when there is a fan fail message.

When the fan is in the critical state of failure, the phenomenon of good and bad sometimes causes the failure prompt of Fan Fail indicator to flash.

When your power supply keeps showing Fan Fail prompt, please contact your nearest GW Instek Service Center services@goodwill.com.tw 

Routine maintenance precautions:

1. Avoid dust accumulation in the fan
2. There is a certain cooling distance between the fan and the desktop or wall

For the APS-7000 series, single step time of Sequence or Simulation is 3600 seconds (1 hour).

If your application requires a sequence or a simulation step time of more than 1 hour, you can use the Jump function to achieve it.

Mission Critical applications such as communication equipment rooms (such as 4G, 5G base stations) and data centers (IDC) will have a great impact due to power failure. Therefore, such constructions will have emergency power supplies such as UPS. In order to save energy, these data centers also desire to directly use regenerative energy or the DC voltage of the UPS to reduce the consumption of the conversion.

Therefore, in addition to AC input, the current power supply also supports 48V DC input LVDC and 180~400V DC input HVDC. When testing this type of power supply, the conventional AC power supply does not have the DC mode, so it is difficult to perform the test.

GW Instek ASR-2000 series and ASR-3000 series AC/DC power supplies are instruments developed for the above applications.

Precautions for purchasing AC and DC power supply:

1. Whether the DC power is the same as the AC power (commonly known as the DC full power): The DC output power of most products is only 80% of the AC output power, and there are even 50% of the AC output power. GW Instek ASR-2000 and ASR-3000 are designed for full power without reduction.
   
   

2. Whether it can be seamlessly converted from AC output to DC output: Most AC/ DC power supplies turn off AC and then turn on DC, so there will be a power outage at the moment of conversion. GW Instek ASR-2000 and ASR-3000 are seamless transition designs.

Connecting the power supply to the device under test (DUT or DUC) requires an additional test lead, and the resistance of the test lead will cause a slight voltage drop, so that the DUT cannot get the expected output voltage. In order to improve this problem, the power supply is designed with the function of Remote Sense. The remote sense function senses the actual voltage value received by the DUT through the additional wiring of S+ and S-.

Take the 3.3V output as an example, because the voltage drop of the wire, there is only 3.2V left on the circuit under test. Through the report of the remote sense, the power supply will increase the output until the voltage reported by the remote sense is 3.3V, this design can eliminate the voltage drop of the wire.

Precautions on using Remote Sense:

1. Remote Sense cannot be disconnected. Once the remote sense is disconnected, if it reports that there is no voltage at the DUT, the power supply will continuously increase the output to compensate. The remote sense still reports no voltage due to disconnection, and the power supply will increase the voltage again, which may lead to circuit overvoltage and burn. In order to avoid this problem, the remote sense design of many power supplies of GW Instek has the design of compensation upper limit.
   
   
2. If the output of the power supply uses an external switch to connect to the DUT, take a precaution on the wiring of the remote sense.

Test fuses and circuit breakers need transient current to test whether the operation is normal.

It is a design issue when it does not disconnect as the function  

It is a quality issue when it does not connect as the function

GW Instek electronic loads with the Turbo mode can help users to verify these two issues at the most appropriate cost.

Turbo mode can provide double the rated current or power in a short time (1 second).

Electronic loads with the Turbo mode include:

AEL-5000系列GW Instek brand: The AEL-5000 series

3310G系列，3350G系列，3270系列，3282系列Prodigit brand: the 3310G series, the 3350G series, the 3270 series, the 3282 series

Other applications of Turbo mode: Short circuit of AC power supply, OCP, OPP test

The basic element of an electronic load is a MOSFET, which is a voltage-controlled variable resistor.

The electronic load is an important device for testing the transient response of the power supply. If we simplify the electronic load as a MOSFET, when the MOSFET is connected to the power supply, the voltage of the power supply must reach the MOSFET Vds voltage before current flows through it. . Therefore, the electronic load cannot be started at zero voltage from its basic structure.

How do you accomplish a zero voltage startup application?

You only need to connect a power supply in series to offset the voltage change of Vds to start at zero voltage.

Possible applications: supercapacitors, fuel cells

PEL-3211 booster can only be connected in parallel with PEL-3111.

Five PEL-3111 units can be connected in parallel or PEL-3111 can be combined with PEL-3211*4

A maximum of five electronic loads of the same type as PEL-3021 or PEL-3041 can be connected in parallel.

Five PEL-3021 units can be connected in parallel

Five PEL-3041 units can be connected in parallel

The same is true for H series high pressure models

Application keyword: parallel connection of electronic loads