Battery manufacturing process
Voltage
- Open circuit voltage :
Refers to the voltage of the battery when it is not connected to an external circuit (load). The open circuit voltage has a certain relationship with the remaining energy of the battery, and the power display adopts this principle. - Operating voltage :
Refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of a battery when it is in an active state with current flowing in the circuit, also known as the load voltage. In the operational state of battery discharge, when the current flows through the inside of the battery, it must overcome the resistance of the internal resistance, so the working voltage is always lower than the open circuit voltage. - Discharge cut-off voltage :
Refers to the voltage reached after the battery is fully charged and fully discharged (if it continues to discharge, it is over-discharged, which will affect the life cycle and performance of the battery) - Charge limit voltage :
When reaching the Charge limit voltage, the charging mode changes from constant current to constant voltage.
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（For detailed specifications of the stand-alone unit, |
GDM-9061 61⁄2 Dual Measurement Multimeter Relentless refinement
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Internal resistance
- DC internal resistance（DCIR)：
According to the equivalent circuit of the battery, the DC measurement method is used, the capacitance is regarded as an open circuit, and the measured internal resistance is RΩ+RCT. - AC internal resistance(ACIR)：
According to the equivalent circuit of the battery, the AC measurement method is used, the capacitance is regarded as a short circuit, and the measured internal resistance is RΩ. - Structural contact resistance
- EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy：
EIS can separate and quantify the cell resistance of the bulk (Rb), interface layer (RSEI), charge transfer reaction (Rct), and diffusion process (W) by a single experiment.
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(For detailed specifications of the stand-alone unit, |
GBM-3000 Series Dedicated Battery Tester
Mighty testing capability
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Contact resistance and battery health assessment
GOM-805 Milli-Ohm Meter
Pulse measurement
To eliminate the error caused by the thermal coupling effect of metal joints
(For detailed specifications of the stand-alone unit, please click this link)
Two-Pulse test method and EIS electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test method
Battery Life Assessment
Source：IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, VOL. 23, NO. 2, JUNE 2008 An Improved Battery Characterization Method Using a Two-Pulse Load Test Martin Coleman, William Gerard Hurley, Fellow, IEEE, and Chin Kwan Lee
Recommended measurement methods:
- Applying the discharge test function of the GMC-1000 MetaView IoT Wizard solution,three steps:discharge→ idle → discharge to test the voltage and current, record the readings to find out △V2 and calculate it.
- Applying the PEL-3000 series or the PEL-2000B series, the stand-alone unit function can also be used to calculate after obtaining the record file through the battery test mode.
- Related EIS test functions are expected to be launched in 2023.
Current measurement for battery pack
PCS-1000I Precision Current Shunt
Battery pack current measurement
GWInstek PCS-1000I
(For detailed specifications of the stand-alone unit, please click this link)
Prodigit 7550A/1000A
(For detailed specifications of the stand-alone unit, please click this link)
| Brand/Model | Current range | Interface | Input panel | Other functions |
| GWinstek PCS-1000I | 0.01μA~300A | USB & GPIB | Front panel | 6 1/2-digit voltage and current measurement resolution |
| Prodigit 7550A | 1μA~750A | Performing remote testing with an external DVM | Front panel | |
| Prodigit 1000A | 1μA~1000A | USB、RS-232、GPIB LAN(optional) | Front panel | |
| Prodigit 1000A-R | 1μA~1000A | USB、RS-232、GPIB LAN(optional) | Front panel |
Insulation material analysis
GPT- 12000 / GPT- 15000 Series
Insulation Material Analyzer
(For detailed specifications of the stand-alone unit, please click this link)
The determination of insulation breakdown is:
The current flowing through the insulation to be tested can already generate a corresponding current ( steep rise out of control ) with the increase of the test voltage, that is, the insulation to be tested can no longer effectively limit the increase of the current under the test electric field strength. Therefore, only setting the upper limit of the leakage current will cause misjudgment. Insulation material analyzer must have the ability to display the VI curve in order to correctly determine the insulation breakdown.
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